高中英语语法知识点专题讲解练习六个专题汇总

　 高中英语语法知识点专题讲解练习六个专题汇总

　高中英语语法专题讲解练习第1讲　特殊句式

　特殊句式包括强调句、倒装句、省略句、祈使句和there be句式。新高考中，语法填空对于特殊句式的考查很少，但作为语法中的重难点，也不应忽视，这是因为在写作中它属于高级句式，能否合理运用它对取得高分起着至关重要的作用。对于特殊句式，应注意：

　1．强调句　①注意基本句式及此句式中that与who的误用；②注意此句式与相似句式中连词的误用。

　2．倒装句　①分清全部或部分倒装，注意谓语的形式；②注意助动词或系动词的缺失或误用。

　3．省略句　①注意省略的前提条件；②注意可省略时从句中动词的形式；③特别注意从句省略后动词的非谓语形式。

　4．祈使句　①注意and或or的误用；②注意谓语动词形式；③注意与非谓语动词作状语的区别。

　5．there be句式　①注意固定句式及be的形式；②注意句式中be与have的误用，没有there have这种句式。

　考点素能

　一　强调句

　1．强调句型基本结构及注意事项

　强调句型基本结构为“It＋is/was＋被强调部分＋that/who＋句子其他部分”，在理解强调句时，要注意以下几点：

　(1)强调句型通常用来强调主语、状语、宾语等，不能用来强调谓语动词(如强调谓语动词，常借助于do/does/did)、表语(主语补语)、让步状语、条件状语等。连接词一般用that，如被强调的部分指人时，可用who/that，其他一律用that。

　(2)判断是否是强调句，把句子中的“It is/was和that/who”去掉之后，句子是否成立。若句子依然成立，则是强调句，否则就不是强调句。

　(3)强调句的一般疑问句结构：Is/Was＋it＋被强调部分＋that/who＋其他部分？

　(4)强调句的特殊疑问句结构：特殊疑问词＋is/was＋it＋that/who＋其他部分？

　(5)not ... until ...的强调句型：It is/was not until＋被强调部分＋that/who＋其他部分。

　①It is not how much we do but how much love we put into what we do that benefits our work most.

　给我们工作带来最大益处的不是我们做了多少而是我们将多少爱投入到我们所从事的事业中。

　②Was it in 1939 that the Second World War broke out?

　第二次世界大战是在1939年爆发的吗？

　③When was it that you called me yesterday?

　你昨天是什么时候给我打电话的？

　2．强调句型与结构相似的主从复合句的区别

　(1)与含主语从句的主从复合句的区别

　①It is true that they are going to visit the Great Wall next month.

　他们下个月准备去参观长城，这是真的。

　②It is the Great Wall that they are going to visit.

　他们打算去参观的地方是长城。

　第一句是一个主从复合句，其中it是形式主语；that引导的是主语从句，that没有任何意义，在从句中不作任何成分。第二句是强调句，强调的是宾语the Great wall，It is和that没有任何意义，只是用来构成强调句型。

　(2)与含定语从句的主从复合句的区别

　③It is a question that needs careful consideration.

　这是一个需要仔细考虑的问题。

　④It is novels that William enjoys reading.

　威廉喜欢读的是小说。

　第一句是一个主从复合句，其中that引导的是定语从句，修饰先行词a question, that在从句中作主语；It在主句中作主语。第二句是强调句，强调的是宾语novels, It is和that没有任何意义，只是用来构成强调句型。

　(3)与含状语从句的主从复合句的区别

　①与“It is/was＋时间名词＋when ... ”的区别

　“It is/was＋时间名词＋when ... ”句型中，it指时间，when引导的是时间状语从句。时间名词前无介词。

　⑤It was 6 o'clock when I got up today.

　今天我起床时已经6点了。

　⑥It was at 6 o'clock that I got up today.

　今天我是6点起的床。

　第一句是主从复合句，It指时刻，when引导时间状语从句。第二句是强调句型，强调的是时间状语at 6 o'clock，It was和that无实际意义，去掉后句子依然成立。

　②与“It is/was＋时间段＋since ... ”的区别

　“It is/was＋时间段＋since ... ”句型中，since引导时间状语从句。若since和延续性动词连用，该句型的意思是“……不做某事已有……时间了”；若since和短暂性动词连用，该句型的意思是“……做某事已有……时间了”。since引导的从句常用一般过去时。

　⑦It is two years since I taught English.

　我不教英语两年了。

　⑧It is two years since I began to teach English.

　我教英语已经两年了。

　⑨It is two hours that he spends on English every day.

　他每天花两个小时学英语。

　前两个句子是“It is＋时间段＋since ... ”句型，since引导时间状语从句。第三句是强调句，强调的是宾语two hours。

　③与“It was/will be＋时间段＋before ... ”的区别

　“It was/will be＋时间段＋before ... ”句型中，it指时间，before引导时间状语从句。

　⑩It was two years before he came back from abroad.

　过了两年他才回国。

　?It was two years later that he came back from abroad.

　他是两年后回国的。

　第一句中的It指时间，before引导的是时间状语从句；第二句为强调句，强调的是时间状语two years later。

　二　倒装句

　倒装是高考的常考点，高考不只是单纯考查倒装，而是常把倒装与时态、主谓一致等结合在一起进行考查，增加了难度，因此一定要把倒装的基本用法牢记在心。倒装分为完全倒装与部分倒装。

　1．完全倒装

　当作状语的here, there, now, then, down, up, out, off等表示地点、时间或方位的副词或表示地点的介词短语in the room, on the way等置于句首且主语为名词时，句子要完全倒装。但当主语是代词时，主谓不倒装。

　①John opened the door. There stood a girl he had never seen before.

　约翰打开门，一个他从未见过的女孩站在那儿。

　②South of the river lies a small factory.

　河的南面有一个小工厂。

　2．部分倒装

　(1)only修饰副词、介词短语或状语从句置于句首时，主句要用部分倒装。

　①Only in this way can we learn English well.

　只有用这种方法，我们才能学好英语。

　(2)否定副词never, nor, not, hardly, little, seldom, scarcely, rarely等及表否定意义的介词短语at no time, under/in no circumstances, in no case, by no means, on no condition等置于句首时要部分倒装。

　②Never before have I seen such a moving film.

　我以前从未看过这么感人的电影。

　(3)表示前面所说的情况也适用于后者时，用部分倒装结构so/neither/nor＋助动词/系动词/情态动词＋主语。

　③They love having lots of friends; so do those with disabilities.

　他们喜欢交很多朋友，那些有缺陷的人也是如此。

　(4)So＋adj./adv. ... that ... /Such＋(a/an)＋adj.＋n. ... ＋that ... “如此……以至于……”。

　④So cold was the weather that we had to stay at home.

　天气太冷，我们只好待在家里。

　(5)Not only ... but also ... “不仅……而且……”，Not only后是主谓倒装，but also后是正常语序。

　⑤Not only will help be given to people to find jobs, but medical treatment will be provided for people who need it.

　不仅要给那些找工作的人提供帮助，而且也要给那些需要帮助的人提供医疗保健服务。

　(6)在as/though引导的让步状语从句中，从句的表语/状语/动词位于句首，构成部分倒装结构。如果位于句首的是单数可数名词，其前不加冠词。

　⑥Child as he is, he knows a lot about the history of China.

　尽管他是个孩子，但他对中国历史十分了解。

　(7)在非真实条件句中，条件句中的if省略时，助动词had, were, should常提到主语前面，构成部分倒装。

　⑦Were I a teacher, I would be strict with my students.

　＝If I were a teacher, I would be strict with my students.

　如果我是老师，我会严格要求我的学生。

　三　省略句

　1．状语从句中的省略

　由when, while, as, until, once, where, if, unless, as if, although/though, whether等引导的时间、地点、条件、方式或让步等状语从句中，如果从句的谓语含有be动词，且从句的主语是it或主从句的主语相同时，此时可省略从句的主语和be动词。

　The experiment shows that proper amounts of exercise, if carried out regularly, can improve our health.

　实验表明，如果定期锻炼，适量的运动能强身健体。

　2．whatever和however引导的让步状语从句可省去连系动词

　①Amy pledged to complete her father's unfinished task, whatever the cost (was).

　艾米保证无论付出多大代价都要完成父亲未完成的事业。

　②He refuses, however favourable the conditions (are).

　无论条件多么诱人，他都拒绝接受。

　3．动词不定式的省略

　(1)在动词不定式结构中，为避免重复，常常省略不定式结构中的动词原形，只保留to。

　①—Would you like to go with us?

　—I'm glad to, but I have to finish my homework.

　——你愿意和我们一起去吗？

　——我很愿意去，但我不得不先写完作业。

　(2)tell, warn, order, advise, ask等动词的宾语后接动词不定式作宾语补足语时，可以省略to后的动词原形。

　②The boy wanted to play football in the street, but his mother told him not to.

　这个男孩想在街上踢足球，但妈妈告诉他不要这样做。

　4．用so或not等替代上文内容

　当由I'm afraid, I think, I believe, I hope, I guess等作答语时，后面的so与not分别表示肯定和否定，宾语从句可省略。

　Maybe I will be proven wrong, but I hope not.

　也许证明我是错的，但我希望不是那样。

　5．常用的省略结构

　if ever 如果有的话

　if busy 如果忙的话

　if anything 如果有什么区别的话

　if possible 如果可能的话

　if so 如果那样的话

　if not 不然的话

　四　祈使句

　祈使句表示请求、命令、建议等，谓语动词一律用原形。句子通常不用主语，句末用感叹号或句号，读时用降调。

　1．祈使句的基本用法

　祈使句的肯定表达一般以动词原形开头，而否定表达一般以Don't开头，需要注意的是，表示禁止时，尤其是标语等也可用“No＋动名词”来表示。

　(1)一般直接以动词原形开头。

　①Stand up.

　起立。

　②Be careful!

　小心！

　③Don't park here. ＝No parking.

　禁止停车。

　(2)有时，为了加强语气，可以在动词之前加do。

　④Do study hard.

　一定要努力学习。

　(3)用客气的语气时，可在句首或句尾加please，如在句末加，则please前一定要加逗号。

　⑤Go this way, please.

　请这边走。

　(4)祈使句中如果有呼语，一定要用逗号隔开，放在句首或句末。

　⑥Li Ming, come here. ＝Come here, Li Ming.

　李明，过来。

　2．必须要掌握的高考中祈使句的固定句式：祈使句＋and/or＋陈述句

　①Study hard, and you'll make great progress.

　努力学习，你就会取得很大的进步。

　②Follow your doctor's advice, or your cough will get worse.

　听从医生的建议，否则你的咳嗽会更严重。

　注意：对于此句式，用and还是or取决于句意。高考中，一般会有两方面的干扰设置，一是用but, while, yet等词，二是句首用不定式或现在分词等。

　五　there be句式

　there be句型是高考考查的重点语法项目，近年来高考均考查其最基本的用法，因此需要掌握以下基本用法。

　1．there be句型中的be可以有不同的时态，可以和助动词或情态动词连用。

　There have been many great changes in our country since then.

　自那时起，我们国家发生了很多巨大的变化。

　2．there be句型的衍生结构be可以用seem to be, appear to be, happen to be, used to be, have to be, remain, lie等替换。

　①There seems to be every indication that there will be an earthquake.

　所有迹象似乎都表明将要发生地震。

　②There remains some confusion about the nature of online teaching.

　人们对于在线教育的性质还存在一些疑惑。

　3．there be句型的主谓一致，如果主语由两个或两个以上的名词或代词构成，谓语动词be应和离它最近的主语保持一致。

　There is a knife and two pens in the pocket.

　口袋里有一把小刀和两支钢笔。

　4．there be句型的常用结构

　there is no doubt that ... “毫无疑问……”

　there is no need to do ... “没有必要做……”

　there is no denying that ... “不可否认……”

　there is no point/sense in doing sth “做某事没有意义”

　there is (no)difficulty in doing sth “做某事(没)有困难”

　there is (no)possibility of (doing)sth/that ... “(做)某事(没)有可能性”

　5．there be句型的非限定形式(there being和there to be)

　(1)there being是一个独立主格结构，可在句中作状语，表原因。

　①There being no evidence against him, Frank is unlikely to be convicted. (＝Because there is no evidence against him ... )

　由于没有不利于他的证据，弗兰克不可能被判有罪。

　there being也相当于一个带有逻辑主语的动词-ing形式。在句子中可作介词(除介词for外)的宾语。

　②Judging from there being no much furniture in the house, we know that they are very poor.

　从他家没有什么家具来看，我们知道他们很穷。

　(2)there to be可以用作动词的宾语，表示一种愿望，但目前还没实现。

　③I expect there to be no argument about this.

　关于这件事我期望没有争吵。

　过关检测(限时：20分钟)

　Ⅰ.单句语法填空

　1．It was from only a few supplies that she had bought in the village _______ the hostess cooked such a nice dinner.

　答案：that

　2．I have seldom seen my mother _______ pleased with my progress as she is now.

　答案：so

　3．________ (call)me tomorrow and I'll let you know the lab result.

　答案：Call

　4．Bach died in 1750, but it was not until the early 19th century _______ his musical gift was fully recognized.

　答案：that

　5．Since December, there _______ (be)tens of thousands of COVID－19 cases both in and out of China.

　答案：have been

　6．The average income of the Changzhou, though still well below that of Suzhou, has been on the increase and is three times _______ it was in 2001.

　答案：what

　7．So small _______ those ponds and streams that they can't be shown in the maps.

　答案：are

　8．It is the quality of the food rather than the quantity _______ matters.

　答案：that

　9．She seldom, _______ ever, goes to the theatre.

　答案：if

　10．If _______ (leave)untreated, the condition may become chronic.

　答案：left

　11．On the wall _______ (hang)a picture.

　答案：hangs

　12．Not until all the fish died in the river _______ the villagers realize how serious the pollution was.

　答案：did

　13．Child _______ he is, he enjoys reading a lot.

　答案：as

　14．Be careful while _______ (cross)the road.

　答案：crossing

　15．When first _______ (introduce)to the market, these products enjoyed great success.

　答案：introduced

　Ⅱ.语法填空

　A story about violinist Fritz Kreisler tells how he once came across a beautiful instrument he wanted to acquire. When he finally raised the money for the violin, he returned to buy it but learned that it __1__ (sell)to a collector.

　He went to the new owner's home in order to try to persuade him to sell __2__ violin. However, the collector said it was one of his valuable __3__ (possess)and he could not let it go. The __4__ (disappoint)Kreisler turned to leave, but then asked a favor. “May I play the instrument once more __5__ it is put away？”

　Permission was given and the great musician began to play. The violin sang with a quality of music so beautiful that the collector could only listen __6__ amazement. “I have no right __7__ (keep)that to myself，” he said after the musician finished. “The violin is __8__ (you), Mr Kreisler. Take it into the world, and let the people hear it.”

　I want to live my life that way—to take it into the world and live it __9__ (full). I'd rather be used up than die not having done whatever I could. Happiness is found in investing our lives in others. Say yes when __10__ (ask)for a hand. Volunteer some time for a worthwhile organization. Spend an hour with a lonely relative. In the end, I know that my happiness will not have been about my ability or my inability. It will have been about my availability. My life is meant to be lived.

　1．________　2.________　3.________　4.________

　5．________　6.________　7.________　8.________

　9．________　10.________

　篇章导读：本文是一篇夹叙夹议文。文章通过讲述一位伟大的小提琴家得到一把小提琴的故事，旨在告诉我们应该让自己的生活过得充实，不要留下遗憾。

　1．had been sold　考查动词的时态和语态。sell的动作发生在learned之前，应该用过去完成时；主语it指代violin，与sell之间为动宾关系，应用被动语态，故填had been sold。

　2．the　考查冠词。根据语境可知，此处表特指，故填the。

　3．possessions　考查词性转换。形容词修饰名词，possession意为“所有物”，为可数名词，由one of可知，设空处应该用复数形式，故填possessions。

　4．disappointed　考查词性转换。设空处修饰人，应用形容词，表示“感到失望的”，故填disappointed。

　5．before　考查连词。此处是指，Kreisler(克莱斯勒)想在小提琴被收起来之前拉一次，故填before。

　6．in　考查介词。in amazement表示一种吃惊的状态，故填in。

　7．to keep　考查非谓语动词。have no right to do sth意为“没有权利做某事”，为固定用法，故填to keep。

　8．yours　考查代词。此处需要用名词性物主代词，指代your violin，故填yours。

　9．fully　考查词性转换。需要用副词修饰动词live，故填fully。

　10．asked　考查省略句型。主句为祈使句，从句省略了主语和be动词，补充完整为：when you are asked for a hand，故填asked。

　高中英语语法专题讲解练习第2讲　非谓语动词

　非谓语动词是历年高考的必考点和重难点，是必须要掌握的知识。在解答有关非谓语动词类的试题时，同样必须要分清是谓语动词还是非谓语动词。例如，在语法填空中，如果句中找到了谓语动词，而又找不到连词(并列连词或从句连词)，则所给动词一定用非谓语动词形式。无论哪种题型，当我们确定应用非谓语动词后，就要根据相应的语法知识去判断应使用非谓语动词的哪种形式，是v.-ing、v.-ed形式还是不定式。熟悉非谓语动词的基本用法及作何种成分时的用法区别都是解题的关键。另外，平时还要多识记固定搭配和常用形式，学会分析句子结构，判断句子成分，这样才能以不变应万变。

　考点素能

　一　非谓语动词的解题原则

　原则1　了解句法功能，分析句子结构，判断句子成分，确定非谓语动词形式

　非谓语动词在句中可作主语、宾语、表语、状语、定语、补语多种成分，理解非谓语动词的句法功能，判断出其应作哪种成分是解题的关键。

　(1)作结果状语和伴随状语时用现在分词

　More highways have been built in China, making it much easier for people to travel from one place to another.

　中国又修建了更多的高速公路，这使人们从一处到另一处的出行变得更容易了。(表结果)

　All night long he lay awake, thinking of the problem.

　他躺在床上整夜睡不着，思考着那个问题。(表伴随)

　[特别提醒]　源于系表结构的部分过去分词作状语，表示一种状态，常见的有：seated (就座的)，devoted (全心全意的)，lost/absorbed in (迷失于/沉溺于)，dressed in (穿着)等。

　Absorbed in his book, he didn't notice me enter the room.

　他全神贯注地读书，没注意到我进入房间。

　(2)作目的状语时用不定式，且只能用不定式的一般式

　●非谓语动词作目的状语，要想到用不定式。

　To make it easier to get in touch with us, you'd better keep this card at hand.

　为了更容易与我们取得联系，你最好随身携带这张卡片。

　●非谓语动词作结果状语，表示出乎意料的结果要想到用不定式，表示必然的结果要想到用现在分词。

　He hurried to the station only to find that the train had left.

　他匆忙赶到车站，结果却发现火车已经离开了。(表出乎意料的结果)

　●非谓语动词作原因状语，表示“喜怒哀乐”的形容词要想到用不定式；非谓语动词作时间状语、条件状语和原因状语等要想到用分词。

　I am only too glad to see everything settled.

　看到一切问题都解决了，我很高兴。

　Being tired, he went to bed early.

　因为很累，他很早就睡了。

　(3)作主语时常用动名词，作介词的宾语时一定用动名词

　●分析句子成分，如果一个经常性、习惯性的动作作主语，常用v.-ing形式。

　Knowing basic first-aid techniques will help you respond quickly to emergencies.

　掌握基本的急救技能将有助于你在遇到紧急情况时迅速做出反应。

　●介词和带介词to的固定搭配一定跟v.-ing作宾语。

　I'm looking forward to hearing from you as soon as possible.

　我希望尽快收到你的来信。

　(4)作表语时指物用v.-ing，指人用v.-ed形式

　●牢记v.-ing作表语或定语时常指物，v.-ed作表语或定语时常指人。

　He was very shocked to learn the shocking news that his wife was killed in a traffic accident.

　得知他的妻子在交通事故中死亡这一令人震惊的消息时，他非常震惊。

　原则2　利用固定搭配或习惯用法，确定非谓语动词形式

　(1)牢记用v.-ing/to do形式作宾语的词(短语)

　●接v.-ing形式作宾语的常用动词(短语)有：suggest, risk, imagine, mind, admit, practice, allow, avoid, delay, include, deny, escape, advise, finish, miss, forgive, consider, recommend, forbid, give up, insist on, look forward to, feel like, get down to, object to, devote ... to, pay attention to等。

　I avoided mentioning the subject in case he should be offended.

　我避免提及这个话题，以免冒犯他。

　●接to do形式作宾语的常用动词(短语)有：decide, refuse, promise, pretend, hesitate, manage, plan, fail, choose, desire, hope, afford, agree, learn, determine, demand, offer, make up one's mind, would like等。

　Nervous and anxious, Jill failed to make a good impression at the job interview.

　又紧张又焦虑，吉尔没有在面试中给人留下好印象。

　●有些动词或动词短语既可接不定式作宾语，也可接动名词作宾语，但表示的含义不同。

　mean eq \b\lc\{(\a\vs4\al\co1(to do sth 打算做某事,doing sth 意味着做某事))

　forget eq \b\lc\{(\a\vs4\al\co1(to do sth 忘记去做某事（未做）,doing sth 忘记做过某事（已做）))

　remember eq \b\lc\{(\a\vs4\al\co1(to do sth 记着去做某事（未做）,doing sth 记得做过某事（已做）))

　regret eq \b\lc\{(\a\vs4\al\co1(to do sth 遗憾地要去做某事（未做）,doing sth 后悔做过某事（已做）))

　try eq \b\lc\{(\a\vs4\al\co1(to do sth 尽力做某事,doing sth 尝试做某事))

　go on eq \b\lc\{(\a\vs4\al\co1(to do sth 继续做另外一件事,doing sth 继续做同一件事))

　can't help eq \b\lc\{(\a\vs4\al\co1(（to） do sth 不能帮助做某事,doing sth 情不自禁做某事))

　I regret to tell you that he didn't take your application into consideration.

　我很遗憾地告诉你，他没有考虑你的申请。

　I regret making rude comments on your appearance.

　我很后悔对你的外表做了粗鲁的评论。

　(2)掌握非谓语动词的几种句型公式

　●不定式作宾语补足语

　tell/order/persuade/force/warn/encourage/ask/invite＋sb to do sth

　I'd like to invite you to take part in the activity.

　我想邀请你参加这项活动。

　●用省略“to”的不定式作宾语补足语的动词：“五看；三使；二听；一感觉”。

　五看：look at/watch/notice/see/observe sb do sth；

　三使：make/have/let sb do sth；

　二听：listen to/hear sb do sth；

　一感觉：feel sb do sth。

　The boss made the workers do the work all day.

　老板迫使工人们整天干活。

　●用于it形式主语结构中

　It＋be＋名词或形容词(no good/no use/a pleasure/worthwhile/useless)＋动词-ing；

　It＋be＋形容词(difficult/kind/clever等)＋for/of sb to do sth；

　It＋takes＋sb＋some time＋to do sth

　As is known to us, it's no use complaining without taking action.

　众所周知，只抱怨不采取行动也无济于事。

　(3)with复合结构中补足语的比较

　with eq \b\lc\{(\a\vs4\al\co1(sb/sth doing（表主动、进行）,sth done（表被动、完成）,sth to do（表将来）))

　With so many people looking at him, he felt very nervous.

　那么多人看着他，他感到很紧张。

　With the problem solved, the quality has been improved.

　问题解决了，质量也提高了。

　(4)有些非谓语动词形式的固定结构需牢记

　considering that 鉴于，考虑到

　judging by/from 根据/从……判断

　supposing/providing/provided/assuming that ... 假定，假设

　compared with/to 与……相比

　Michael's new house is like a huge palace, compared with his old one.

　与旧房子相比，迈克尔的新房子像个大宫殿。

　原则3　理清逻辑关系，确定非谓语动词形式

　解答非谓语动词的试题时，要能辨明其与逻辑主语的关系为主动关系还是被动关系，主动考虑用v.-ing形式，被动则考虑用v.-ed形式。

　(1)非谓语动词作定语

　若非谓语动词作定语，与其逻辑主语之间为主动关系时用现在分词，为被动关系时用过去分词。

　“Things lost never come again！” I couldn't help talking to myself.

　我不禁自言自语：“覆水难收啊！”

　Last night, there were millions of people watching the opening ceremony live on TV.

　昨晚，有上百万人观看开幕式的电视直播。

　(2)非谓语动词作状语/补语

　●若非谓语动词作状语，则其逻辑主语是句子的主语。若句子的主语是分词动作的发出者，即主谓关系，则用现在分词形式；若句子的主语是分词动作的承受者，即动宾关系，则用过去分词。

　Translated into English, the sentence was found to have an entirely different word order.

　这个句子被译成英语后，有一个完全不同的语序。

　Hearing the good news, they were all excited.

　听到这个好消息，他们都非常激动。

　●若非谓语动词作宾语补足语，则其逻辑主语是句子的宾语。若宾语是分词动作的发出者，即主谓关系，且强调进行，则用现在分词形式；若宾语是分词动作的承受者，即动宾关系，则用过去分词。

　I saw him climbing the fence just now.

　我刚才看见他在爬栅栏。

　A villager saw the little girl taken away by a middle-aged lady.

　一位村民看见这个小女孩被一位中年妇女带走了。

　原则4　根据动作先后及逻辑关系，确定非谓语动词形式

　根据非谓语动词与谓语动词动作发生的先后顺序，确定非谓语动词的时态；根据其与逻辑主语的主、被动关系来确定语态。

　非谓语动词形式

　意义

　过去分词

　表示被动、完成

　不定式的被动式

　表示被动且尚未发生

　现在分词的被动式

　表示被动、进行

　动名词的被动式

　表示被动

　非谓语动词的完成式

　非谓语动作发生在谓语动作之前

　We are invited to a party to be held in our club next Friday.

　我们被邀请参加下星期五在我们俱乐部举办的晚会。

　Having been told many times, he still couldn't understand it.

　已经被多次告知，他仍然不能理解。

　二　非谓语动词的易错易混点

　易错易混点1　现在分词和过去分词作状语

　现在分词作状语表示的动作与句子主语之间为逻辑上的主谓关系；过去分词作状语表示的动作与句子主语之间为逻辑上的动宾关系。

　[典例1]　(2020·福州八中质检)________ (realize)it was our last high school sports meeting, we decided to make it an unforgettable experience for all of us.

　解析　Realizing　设空处为非谓语动词作状语，realize与句子主语we之间为逻辑上的主谓关系，故填Realizing。

　[典例2]　(2020·蚌埠二中模拟)Greatly _______ (encourage), the team conducted another experiment, this time with water that contained bacteria.

　解析　encouraged　设空处为非谓语动词作状语，encourage与句子主语the team之间为逻辑上的动宾关系，故填encouraged。

　易错易混点2　现在分词和过去分词作前置定语和表语

　作前置定语和表语时，现在分词和过去分词都相当于形容词，前者意为“令人……的”，后者意为“感到……的”。

　[典例1]　(2019·全国卷Ⅲ)I quickly lower myself, ducking my head to avoid looking directly into his eyes so he doesn't feel _______ (challenge).

　解析　challenged　feel为系动词，后接形容词；此处表示“受到挑战”，用由过去分词转化来的形容词challenged。

　[典例2]　(2020·山西省实验中学质检)Dennis Williams, the new owner of the phone numbers, responded to the _______ (excite)baby news.

　解析　exciting　此处为非谓语动词作前置定语，表示“令人兴奋的有关孩子的消息”。故填exciting。

　[典例3]　(2020·山西长泊二中等五校一联)With a _______ (puzzle)look on my face, I pointed to myself and said, “Me？”

　解析　puzzled　句意：脸上带着疑惑的表情，我指着自己说：“我吗？” a puzzled look “困惑的表情”；过去分词表示人的心理特征，也用于修饰体现内心感受的look, expression, tears, voice等名词。

　过关检测(限时：20分钟)

　Ⅰ.单句语法填空

　1．________ (catch)the early flight, we ordered a taxi in advance and got up very early.

　答案：To catch

　2．There is a door _______ (lead)to the garden.

　答案：leading

　3．They worked day and night, _______ (finish)the work ahead of time.

　答案：finishing

　4．How the plan is to be carried out still needs _______ (discuss).

　答案：to be discussed

　5．________ (absorb)in painting, John didn't notice evening approaching.

　答案：Absorbed

　6．________ (understand)your own needs and styles of communication is as important as learning to convey your affection and emotions.

　答案：Understanding

　7．Amy, please tell the people seated and _______ (wait)for their turns to come to my office five minutes later.

　答案：waiting

　8．—Any danger for the patient _______ (operate)on by Dr Smith?

　—Hard to say. Doctors are trying their best.

　答案：being operated

　9．With the exam _______ (take)place in ten minutes, they were asked to hand in their mobile phones.

　答案：to take

　10．Yan'an, a city _______ (locate)in northern Shaanxi Province, has seen great progress in its tourism industry over the past few years.

　答案：located

　11．It is nice of you _______ (attend)the meeting.

　答案：to attend

　12．Don't have the water _______ (run)while you brush your teeth.

　答案：running

　13．The teacher patiently showed us how _______ (conduct)the experiment.

　答案：to conduct

　14．With the audience _______ (stare)at her, the little girl felt nervous on the stage.

　答案：staring

　15．When _______ (give)a medical examination, you should keep calm.

　答案：given

　Ⅱ.语法填空

　(2020·长沙雅礼中学高三检测)I first discovered China Daily a few years ago. It was the first time that I __1__ (visit)China, and I was waiting for my tour guide __2__ (arrive)at the hotel. I picked up a newspaper written in English—China Daily. I opened the newspaper, and __3__ that day on, in every hotel I visited, when the staff asked me, “A newspaper __4__ (deliver)to your room？” I would always answer, “Do you have China Daily？” Why had I __5__ (immediate)taken a liking to China Daily after just one reading of it? I think that China Daily is a very __6__ (influence)newspaper for many reasons. First of all, China Daily __7__ (write)about both Western and Chinese culture. __8__ example to support this reason is an article I read just the other day：When the Bard (诗人)met his Chinese match. This articl