建筑节能外墙保温技术及节能材料毕业论文中英文资料对照外文翻译

　外墙保温技术及节能材料

　中英文资料对照外文翻译文献综述

　文献翻译

　On the external wall insulation technology and energy saving materials

　[ Abstract ] as the energy conservation and protect environment requirements of the continuous improvement, building maintenance structure heat preservation technology is also increasing, especially in exterior wall insulation technology has made great progress, and become an important building energy saving technology. At present, the building is often used in external wall insulation are mainly within the insulation, insulation and other methods, according to the development of new technologies, new energy-saving materials should be developed and utilized, so as to really implement building energy conservation.

　[ Key words ] external wall insulation building materials energy-saving building

　Building energy saving is the implementation of the national environmental protection and energy conservation policy is the main content, it is to carry out the sustainable development of the national economy important component. The national Ministry of construction in1995 promulgated the" rules for the implementation of city building energy saving" and other documents, the" energy conservation design standard for residential buildings ' partial '" JGJ26-95as a mandatory standard, at the same time, the Ministry of construction and was released in October 1, 2000seventy-sixth called" regulation of civil building energy saving", do not conform to the standard of energy saving project, shall not approved for construction.

　In such a series of energy-saving policies, regulations, standards and mandatory guidance, China's energy-saving housing construction work unceasingly thorough, continuously improve the energy efficiency standards, the introduction of the development of many new energy-saving technology and materials, vigorously promote the use of residential buildings. But our country's current level of building energy conservation, but also far lower than developed countries, China's building energy consumption per unit area is still a climate similar to the developed countries 3 times to 5 times. Construction energy conservation is China's construction industry is an important task.

　One, external wall thermal insulation technology

　Energy saving thermal insulation wall construction technology mainly divided into exterior wall internal insulation and exterior wall insulation in two categories.

　1internal insulation technology and its characteristics. Within the external wall insulation construction, in the exterior wall structure with internal heat insulation layer. Thermal insulation in the construction speed is fast, convenient and flexible operation, can ensure the construction progress. Internal insulation application time is long, the technology is mature, construction technology and inspection standard is perfect. In 2001the construction of external wall insulation in about 90% of the engineering application of internal insulation technology. To be popularized in large area of internal insulation technology : reinforced gypsum composite polystyrene insulation board, polymer mortar composite polystyrene insulation board, reinforced cement composite polystyrene insulation panels, interior wall decoration with polystyrene board plastering gypsum and wipe with particles of polystyrene insulation slurry and anti-crack mortar is pressed into the mesh approach.

　But the internal insulation will occupy the area of use," bridge" is not easy to solve, easy to crack, but also affects the construction speed, influence dweller decoration two, and the inner wall hanging and fixing it easy to break the internal insulation structure. Internal insulation technology of irrationality, it would be replaced by external insulation.

　2external insulation technology and its characteristics. External insulation is currently promoting a building energy-saving insulation technology. The outer and inner thermal insulation, reasonable technology, has its obvious advantages, the use of the same specification, the same size and insulation material, insulation than the inner heat preservation effect is good. External thermal insulation technology applies not only to new construction, also apply to the transformation of old buildings, applicable to a wide range, with high technical content; external insulation package in the main structure of the lateral, to protect the main structure, prolongs the service life of buildings; effectively reduces the thermal bridges in building construction, increase the construction of effective space; while eliminating condensation, improve the living comfort.

　(1) external external thermal insulation external insulation materials of rock ( ore) cotton, glass cotton

　Mat, polystyrene foam board ( referred to as polystyrene board, EPS, XPS ), ceramisite concrete composite polystyrene insulation board, stone decorative wire mesh frame sandwich wallboard. The polystyrene board has excellent physical properties and cheap cost, already all over the world within the external wall insulation plug technology is widely used in. The plug-in technology is the use of adhesive mortar or special fasteners, thermal insulation material affixed hanging on the wall, then wipe the anti-cracking mortar, press glass fiber grid cloth to form a protective layer, finally combined with decorative surface. This type of external insulation installation is time-consuming, difficult construction, and the construction period to be occupied dominant, main body after the inspection to construction. In the high-rise construction, the safety of construction personnel is not easy to be guaranteed.

　(2) polystyrene plate wall of a casting molding

　The technique is in the concrete frame shear wall system the polyphenyl board built in building templates, in the gating of the wall outside, then pouring the concrete, concrete and polystyrene board in a casting molding for composite wall. The technology to solve the external insulation problems, its advantage is very obvious. Because the outer wall body with insulation layer of a survival, efficiency, significantly shortening the construction period, and the construction personnel safety assured. But when construction in winter, polystyrene board insulation effect, can reduce the peripheral wall heat preservation measures. But in the concrete to uniform, continuous casting, or because the concrete lateral pressure effect will cause the polystyrene board in Chaimo after deformation and staggered stubble, affect the order of the construction.

　All kinds of insulation technology and advantages

　1, expanded polystyrene board and thin plastering and reinforced by glass fiber approach and advantages

　It is currently in use in our country most one kind of external insulation wall, wherein the polystyrene board in the primary wall fixed in one of three ways:1) by bonding mortar fixed;2) using a mechanical fixture fixed;3) more than two kinds of fixed combination. This approach has the following advantages:1) because it is in Europe and the United States have been in use for nearly thirty years, in the United States have built high up to 44 layers, therefore. This technology already formed a system, the bonding layer, heat-insulating layer and facing layer supporting the use, more mature technical documents;2) due to the expanded polystyrene insulation materials, the price is very expensive, so that the whole system of moderate price. Convenient user acceptance;3) no complex construction technology, construction unit after a brief training, can grasp the essentials for construction, technology promotion;4) it set insulation, waterproofing and decoration function in a body, has the advantages of multiple functions;5) the whole system has good weatherability, good waterproof and water vapor permeability;6) a variety of color and texture of the surface coating for selection, and the entire system supporting the use of. At present. This approach in Beijing, Northeast China and other places has been widely applied, Beijing Yu Garden, Wolong garden, the Ministry of construction of C eight, C ten buildings transformation and many other engineering, have adopted this approach. However, due to expansion polystyrene against termites, termite in areas not available; due to the construction of environmental temperature of 4 degrees, not suitable for winter construction.

　In 2, the extruded polystyrene for external thermal insulation wall

　Extruded polystyrene is in recent years developed a new type of thermal insulation material. At present, extruded polystyrene and the tea layer wall fixed mode mainly adopts mechanical fasteners. The material has the advantages that:1) extruded polystyrene with dense surface and inner layer of the obturator structure. Its thermal conductivity is much lower than the same thickness of expanded polystyrene, therefore has a better thermal insulation properties of expanded polystyrene. In the same building, its thickness can be less than other types of insulation material;2) due to the inner layer of the [ knife hole structure. So it has good humidity resistance, in the humid environment, can keep good thermal insulation properties;3) suitable for cold insulation on the special requirements of the building, and can also be used for exterior wall facing material for brick or stone building,4) as a result of extruded polystyrene and the base wall fixing mode of soil using mechanical fastener. In winter the normal construction. At present. In Beijing, the river runs and other regions have to use this material for outer wall external thermal insulation construction, such as the Beijing New Oriental Plaza, Bank of China and other large public buildings. But the extruded polystyrene price is on the high side, thus is suitable for higher grade of the building. The construction technology and node structure needs to be further perfected.

　The 3single side steel mesh polystyrene board with the exterior wall external insulation

　This is developed in recent years, used for cast-in-place concrete construction of external wall insulation system, a kind of liu. It has the following advantages:1) this system in the construction of. The steel mesh polystyrene board is arranged to pouring wall inside an external mold, external insulation board and the wall a survival, after stripping the insulation board and the wall be made one, thus saving manpower, time and cost of installation;2) selection of steel mesh polystyrene plate, light weight, easy construction;3) construction easy to master. Winter construction of polystyrene board as usual;4) the lateral hanging wire, finishes available tiles. At present, this system is mainly used for cast-in-place concrete, high-rise residential, its construction, installation technology has yet to be further improved.

　A 4 insulation paste material for exterior wall thermal insulation

　In recent years, insulation paste is also beginning to be used in building outer wall heat preservation. The utility model has the advantages of:1) insulation paste adhesive layer, insulating layer and the decorative layer has formed a system, for supporting the use of;2) thermal insulation mortar for exterior wall thermal insulation, the basic wall roughness requirement is not high, easy in the shape of the basal wall construction;3) comparison of the construction process is simple, the operation easy to master;4) some insulation slurry material used in recycling of waste polystyrene granule as aggregate, energy saving, is beneficial to protect environment;5) can be used to repair the wall plastering surface cracks. At present, Beijing has many high-rise building exterior insulation with thermal paste, such as modern literature museum. However, insulation paste exterior wall external insulation node structure, construction process has yet to be further improved.

　Above a few kinds of external wall thermal insulation technology, due to the adoption of the materials and construction technology are different, so their applicable scope are not the same. In use. Should be according to the design of construction cost, geographic location and other factors to choose.

　In two, the external wall thermal insulation energy-saving materials

　Energy saving materials belonging to the thermal insulation materials. Insulation material is used for building or thermal equipment, heat transfer impedance material or material complex, including both insulation materials, including cold insulation materials. Insulation material sense, on one hand is to satisfy the architectural space or thermal equipment, thermal environment, on the other hand, in order to save energy. With the worldwide energy shortage, thermal insulation material in energy-saving aspects of the meaning is more and more important. Only the general residents of heating air conditioning, through the use of thermal insulation building materials, which can be the basis of the existing energy-saving 50% ~80%. According to the Japanese energy-saving practice proved, each using1 tons of insulating material, can save coal3 tons / year, the energy-saving efficiency is10 times the cost of production. Thus, in some countries, the thermal insulation material as following coal, petroleum, natural gas, nuclear power after the fifth big" energy".

　The 1insulation material performance. Adiabatic, is to maximize heat transfer impedance, so the requirement of adiabatic material must has great thermal resistance and low thermal conductivity.

　From material composition, organic polymer thermal conductivity than the inorganic non-metallic material; thermal conductivity than the metallic material; gaseous material thermal conductivity less than the liquid material, the liquid material is less than solid. So when conditions permit, should try to use the organic polymer materials or amorphous inorganic material, which is favorable for heat insulation.

　From the material structure, as the material is apparent density decreased, the porosity increases, the material inside the pores as a substantially enclosed micro hole, coefficient of heat conductivity of the material is relatively small. For foam products, to meet the requirements of thermal insulation materials and the best apparent density of 16~ 40kg / m3.

　2 commonly used thermal insulation materials. Can meet the performance requirements for exterior insulation energy-saving materials are: polystyrene foam board ( EPS and XPS ), rock ( ore) cotton board, glass wool felt and super light particles of polystyrene insulation slurry etc.. All of the above materials are a common feature of the materials within a closed hole, their apparent density is small, it is also used as insulation materials required.

　Rock ( ore) wool and glass wool are sometimes referred to as the mineral cotton, which belongs to the field of inorganic material. Rock wool, not combustion, low price, to meet the heat insulation performance but also has a certain sound insulation effect. But the rock quality varied widely, good thermal insulation properties of low density, the tensile strength is low, poor durability.

　Three, conclusion

　At present our country external wall thermal insulation technology development is very rapid, is the focus of energy conservation. External wall insulation technology and energy-saving materials innovation are inseparable, building energy conservation must be based on the development of new energy-saving materials as the premise, must have sufficient insulation material base. Energy saving materials development must again and external wall thermal insulation technology combined, can truly play its role. It is the result of energy saving material innovation, external wall insulation technology superiority can be taken seriously increasingly by people. So in promoting external wall insulation technology, new energy-saving materials should be developed and utilized, so as to realize building energy saving.

　Reference.

　[1] building energy research center of Tsinghua University. Annual report on China building energy efficiency2009[ M]. Beijing: China Building Industry Press,2009: 48-57.

　文献翻译

　浅谈外墙保温技术及节能材料

　[摘要]随着对节约能源与保护环境的要求的不断提高,建筑维护结构的保温技术也在日益加强,尤其是外墙保温技术得到了长足的发展,并成为我国一项重要的建筑节能技术。目前,在建筑中常使用的外墙保温主要有内保温、外保温等方法,针对新技术的发展,要加强新型节能材料的开发和利用,从而使建筑节能真正得以实施。

　　[关键词]外墙保温 建筑材料建筑节能

　　建筑节能是执行国家环境保护和节约能源政策的主要内容,是贯彻国民经济可持续发展的重要组成部分。国家建设部在1995年颁布了《城市建筑节能实施细则》等文件,把《民用建筑节能设计标准〈采暖居住建筑部分〉》JGJ26-95列为强制性标准,同时建设部又于2000年10月1日发布了第76号令《民用建筑节能管理规定》,对不符合节能标准的项目,不得批准建设。

　　在这样一系列的节能政策、法规、标准和强制性条文的指导下,我国住宅建设的节能工作不断深入,节能标准不断提高,引进开发了许多新型的节能技术和材料,在住宅建筑中大力推广使用。但我国目前的建筑节能水平,还远低于发达国家,我国建筑单位面积能耗仍是气候相近的发达国家的3倍~5倍。建筑节能还是我国建筑业的一个重要的课题。

　　一、外墙保温技术

　　节能保温墙体施工技术主要分为外墙内保温和外墙外保温两大类。

　　1.内保温技术及其特点。外墙内保温施工,是在外墙结构的内部加做保温层。内保温施工速度快,操作方便灵活,可以保证施工进度。内保温应用时间较长,技术成熟,施工技术及检验标准是比较完善的。在2001年外墙保温施工中约有90%以上的工程应用内保温技术。被大面积推广的内保温技术有:增强石膏复合聚苯保温板、聚合物砂浆复合聚苯保温板、增强水泥复合聚苯保温板、内墙贴聚苯板抹粉刷石膏及抹聚苯颗粒保温料浆加抗裂砂浆压入网格布的做法。

　　但内保温会多占用使用面积,“热桥”问题不易解决,容易引起开裂,还会影响施工速度,影响居民的二次装修,且内墙悬挂和固定物件也容易破坏内保温结构。内保温在技术上的不合理性,决定了其必然要被外保温所替代。

　　2.外保温技术及其特点。外保温是目前大力推广的一种建筑保温节能技术。外保温与内保温相比,技术合理,有其明显的优越性,使用同样规格、同样尺寸和性能的保温材料,外保温比内保温的效果好。外保温技术不仅适用于新建的结构工程,也适用于旧楼改造,适用于范围广,技术含量高;外保温包在主体结构的外侧,能够保护主体结构,延长建筑物的寿命;有效减少了建筑结构的热桥,增加建筑的有效空间;同时消除了冷凝,提高了居住的舒适度。

　　目前比较成熟的外墙保温技术主要有以下几种。

　　(1)外挂式外保温外挂的保温材料有岩(矿)棉、玻璃棉

　　毡、聚苯乙烯泡沫板(简称聚苯板,EPS、XPS)、陶粒混凝土复合聚苯仿石装饰保温板、钢丝网架夹芯墙板等。其中聚苯板因具有优良的物理性能和廉价的成本,已经在全世界范围内的外墙保温外挂技术中被广泛应用。该外挂技术是采用粘接砂浆或者是专用的固定件将保温材料贴、挂在外墙上,然后抹抗裂砂浆,压入玻璃纤维网格布形成保护层,最后加做装饰面。这种外挂式的外保温安装费时,施工难度大,且施工占用主导工期,待主体验收完后才可以进行施工。在进行高层施工时,施工人员的安全不易得到保障。

　(2)聚苯板与墙体一次浇注成型

　　该技术是在混凝土框—剪体系中将聚苯板内置于建筑模板内,在即将浇注的墙体外侧,然后浇注混凝土,混凝土与聚苯板一次浇注成型为复合墙体。该技术解决了外挂式外保温的主要问题,其优势是很明显的。由于外墙主体与保温层一次成活,工效提高,工期大大缩短,且施工人员的安全性得到了保证。而且在冬季施工时,聚苯板起保温的作用,可减少外围围护保温措施。但在浇注混凝土时要注意均匀、连续浇注,否则由于混凝土侧压力的影响会造成聚苯板在拆模后出现变形和错茬,影响后序施工。

　各种保温技术及优点

　1、膨胀聚苯乙烯板加薄层抹灰并用玻璃纤维加强的做法及优点

　这是目前在我国使用最多的一种外保温墙体，其中聚苯板在基层墙体上的固定方式有三种：1)采用粘结胶浆固定；2)采用机械固定物固定；3)以上两种固定方式的结合。这种做法有如下的优越性：1)由于它在欧洲及美国已沿用了近三十年，在美国已建成的建筑高达44层，因此。此项技术已形成体系，粘结层、保温层与饰面层可配套使用，有较多较成熟的技术文件；2)由于保温材料采用膨胀聚苯乙烯，其价格不十分昂贵，使整个系统价格适中。便于用户接受；3)无复杂的施工工艺，一般施工单位经过简短培训后，便可掌握施工要领，便于技术的推广；4)它集保温、防水和装饰功能于一体，具有多功能性；5)整个系统具有较强的耐候性、良好的防水和水蒸气渗透性能；6)有多种颜色和纹理的面层涂料可供选择，与整个系统配套使用。目前。这种做法在北京、东北等地已得到广泛的应用，北京裕京花园、卧龙花园、建设部丙八、丙十楼的改造等许多工程，均采用了这种做法。但是，由于白蚁对膨胀聚苯乙烯的侵害，在有白蚁的地区不可使用；由于其对施工的环境温度要求为4℃，不适合冬期施工。

　 2、采用挤塑聚苯乙烯为外保温材料的墙体

　 挤塑聚苯乙烯是近年来发展起来的一种新型保温材料。目前，挤塑聚苯乙烯与茶层墙体的固定方式主要采用机械固定件。这种材料的优点在于：1)挤塑聚苯乙烯具有致密的表层及闭孔结构内层。其导热系数大大低于同厚度的膨胀聚苯乙烯，因此具有较膨胀聚苯乙烯更好的保温隔热性能。对同样的建筑物外墙，其使用厚度可小于其它类型的保温材料；2)由于内层的[刀孔结构。因此它具有良好的抗湿性，在潮湿的环境中，仍可保持良好的保温隔热性能；3)适用于冷库等对保温有特殊要求的建筑，也可用于外墙饰面材料为面砖或石材的建筑，4)由于挤塑聚苯乙烯与基层墙体的固定方式土要采用机械固定件。在冬季可照常施工。

　目前。在北京、江办等地区都有采用这种材料做为外墙外保温的建筑，如北京新东方广场、中国银行等大型的公共建筑。但挤塑聚苯乙烯的价格尚偏高，因此适用于档次较高的建筑。其施工工艺和节点构造尚有待于进一步完善。

　3．采用单面钢耸网架聚苯板的外墙外保温

　 这是近年来发展起来的、用于现浇混凝土建筑中的一种外墙刘、保温体系。它有以下优点：1)这种体系在施工时。是将钢丝网架聚苯板置于将要浇注的外墙外模的内侧，外保温板和墙体一次成活，拆模后保温板与墙体合而为一，因此节省了人力、时间以及安装费用；2)所选用的钢丝网架聚苯板块大、质轻，易于施工；3)施工操作易掌握。冬季可照常施工；4)聚苯板外侧挂有钢丝网，外饰面可用面砖。

　目前，此体系主要用于现浇混凝土多、高层住宅，它的构造节点、安装工艺等还有待于进一步完善。

　 4．保温膏料用于外墙外保温

　 近年来，保温膏料也开始应用于建筑外墙外保温。它的优点在于：1)保温膏料的粘结层、保温层与装饰层已形成体系，便于配套使用；2)保温浆料用于外墙外保温时，对基层墙体平整度要求不高，易于在各种形状的基层墙体上施工；3)施工工艺比较简单，操作易掌握；4)有些保温桨料的材料中采用回收废聚苯颗粒作为轻骨料，节能利废，有利于保护环境；5)可用于修补墙体抹灰面层的裂缝。

　目前，北京地区已有多幢多层建筑外墙外保温采用了保温膏料，如现代文学馆等。但是，保温膏料外墙外保温的节点构造、施工工艺等还有待于进一步完善。

　以上几种外墙外保温技术，由于采用的材料与施工工艺有所不同，因此各自的适用范围也不尽相同。使用中。应根据所设计的建筑的造价、地理位置等各方面的因素进行选择。

　　二、外墙保温节能材料

　　节能材料属于保温绝热材料。绝热材料是指用于建筑围护或者热工设备、阻抗热流传递的材料或者材料复合体,既包括保温材料,也包括保冷材料。绝热材料的意义,一方面是为了满足建筑空间或热工设备的热环境,另一方面是为了节约能源。随着世界范围内能源的日趋紧张,绝热材料在节能方面的意义日显突出。仅就一般的居民采暖的空调而言,通过使用绝热围护材料,可在现有的基础上节能50% ~80%。据日本的节能实践证明,每使用1吨绝热材料,可节约标准煤3吨/年,其节能效益是材料生产成本的10倍。因此,有些国家将绝热材料看作是继煤炭、石油、天然气、核能之后的第五大“能源”。

　　1.绝热材料的性能。绝热,就是要最大限度地阻抗热流的传递,因此要求绝热材料必须具有大的热阻和小的导热系数。

　　从材料的组成上看,一般有机高分子的导热系数都小于无机材料;非金属的导热系数小于金属材料;气态物质的导热系数小于液态物质,液态物质小于固体。所以在条件允许的情况下,应尽量使用有机高分子材料或无定形的无机材料,这对于保温绝热是有利的。

　　从材料的结构上看,当材料的表观密度降低、孔隙率增大,材料内部的孔隙为大量封闭的微小孔时,材料的导热系数是比较小的。对于泡沫塑料制品,要满足保温绝热材料的要求其最佳的表观密度为16~40kg/m3。

　　2.常用的保温绝热材料。能满足上述性能要求而用于建筑外保温的节能材料主要有:聚苯乙烯泡沫塑料板(EPS及XPS)、岩(矿)棉板、玻璃棉毡以及超轻的聚苯颗粒保温料浆等。以上各种材料所具有一个共同的特点就是在材料内部都有大量的封闭孔,它们的表观密度都较小,这也